CHACOBO
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Himmelreich, Anke, Melissa Jeckel, Katharina Hartmann, Johannes Mursell (2021): Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in the World's Languages [Data set]. Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main (Link: https://www.multivaluation.de/database.php)
Overview
| Language family: | Panoan
|
| Countries: | Bolivia
|
| Number of speakers: | several hundreds
|
| Agreement features: | number, person
|
| Attested word orders: | SV, VS
|
| Coordination types: | and
|
|
Data Collection
The data were entered by an L2 speaker via an online survey. (Data by: Adam Tallmann)
Patterns for number
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, the number on the verb is singular. If there is a mismatch between the number of the conjuncts, number is resolved to plural.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | sg | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (1) | honi | yá | haβaki | bakɨ
|
| man | and | run.sg | boy |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
|
| (2) | honi | yá | haβakaki | bakɨ | | bo |
|
| man | and | run.pl | boy | pl |
|
| `The boys and the man run.'
|
| (3) | bakɨ | | yá | haβakaki | honi | | bo |
|
| boy | and | run.pl | man | pl |
|
| `The boy and the men run.'
|
VS order
Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, singular marking on the verb is fine. If the two conjuncts mismatch in number, number is resolved to plural.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | sg | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (4) | haβaki | bakɨ | | honi | yá |
|
| run.sg | boy | man | and |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
|
| (5) | haβakáki | bakɨ | | honi | tíʔi | | | | | bo |
|
| run.pl | boy | man | and | pl |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
|
| (6) | haβakáki | | bakɨ | | honi | | tíʔi | bo |
|
| run.pl | boy | man | and | pl |
|
| `The boys and the men run.'
|
Patterns for person
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: If one conjunct is assigned first person, the verb form matches first person. In all other cases person does not seem to influence the agreement on the verb.
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl | |
|
| 3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
| (7) | mibɨtá | habakía. |
|
| you-and | run.1sg |
|
| `You and I run.'
|
| (8) | ɨβɨtá | habáki | mía |
|
| I-and | run.sg | you |
|
| `I and you run.'
|
| (9) | hatobɨtá | | haβáki | noa |
|
| they-and | run.sg | we |
|
| `We and they run.'
|
| (10) | hatobɨtá | | haβáki | noa |
|
| they-and | run.sg | we |
|
| `They and we run.'
|