UKRANIAN
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Himmelreich, Anke, Melissa Jeckel, Katharina Hartmann, Johannes Mursell (2021): Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in the World's Languages [Data set]. Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main (Link: https://www.multivaluation.de/database.php)
Overview
| Language family: | Indo-European (Slavic)
|
| Countries: | Ukraine
|
| Number of speakers: | 35 million
|
| Agreement features: | number, person
|
| Attested word orders: | SV
|
| Coordination types: | and, or
|
|
Data Collection
The data were entered by a native speaker via an online survey.
Patterns for number
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: The number on the verb is plural in all cases.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | pl | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (1) | Khlopchyk | i | cholovik | bizhat'. |
|
| boy.sg | and | man.sg | run.3pl |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
|
| (2) | Khloptsi | i | cholovik | bizhat'. |
|
| boy.pl | and | man.sg | run.3pl |
|
| `The boys and the man run.'
|
| (3) | Khlopchyk | i | choloviky | bizhat'. |
|
| boy.sg | and | man.pl | run.3pl |
|
| `The boy and the men run.'
|
Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, the verb is singular. If the two conjuncts mismatch in number, number is resolved to plural.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | sg | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (6) | Khlopchyk | abo | cholovik | bizhyt'. |
|
| boy.sg | or | man.sg | run.3sg |
|
| `The boy or the man run.'
|
| (7) | Khlopchyky | abo | cholovik | bizhat'. |
|
| boy.pl | or | man.sg | run.3pl |
|
| `The boys or the man run.'
|
| (8) | Khlopchyk | abo | choloviky | bizhat'. |
|
| boy.sg | or | man.pl | run.3pl |
|
| `The boy or the men run.'
|
Patterns for person
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: Person seems to follow a hierarchy. (If there is a first person conjunct, the verb is marked for first person. (Number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl | |
|
| 3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
| (11) | Ty | i | ya | bizhymo. |
|
| you | and | I | run.1pl |
|
| `You and I run.'
|
| (12) | Ya | i | ty | bizhymo. |
|
| I | and | you | run.1pl |
|
| `I and you run.'
|
| (13) | My | i | vony | bizhymo. |
|
| we | and | they | run.1pl |
|
| `We and they run.'
|
| (14) | Vony | i | my | bizhymo. |
|
| they | and | we | run.1pl |
|
| `They and we run.'
|
Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: If 1st and 2nd person singular are disjoined, entire clauses are coordinated. With 1st and 3rd plural, there seem to be hierarchy effects.
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 2sg/1sg | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1sg/2sg | |
|
| 3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
| (15) | Ty | bizhysh | abo | ya | bizhu. |
|
| you | run.2sg | or | I | run.1sg |
|
| `You or I run.'
|
| (16) | Ya | bizhu | abo | ty | bizhysh. |
|
| I | run.1sg | or | you | run.2sg |
|
| `I or you run.'
|
| (17) | My | abo | vony | bizhymo. |
|
| we | or | they | run.1pl |
|
| `We or they run.'
|
| (18) | Vony | abo | my | bizhymo. |
|
| they | or | we | run.1pl |
|
| `They or we run.'
|