FRIULIAN
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Himmelreich, Anke, Melissa Jeckel, Katharina Hartmann, Johannes Mursell (2021): Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in the World's Languages [Data set]. Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main (Link: https://www.multivaluation.de/database.php)
Overview
| Language family: | Indo-European (Romance)
|
| Countries: | Italy
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| Number of speakers: | 420,000
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| Agreement features: | number, person
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| Attested word orders: | SV
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| Coordination types: | and, or
|
|
Data Collection
The data were entered by a native speaker via an online survey.
Patterns for number
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: The number on the verb is plural in all cases.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | pl | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (1) | Il | fantat | e | l'om | a | corin. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | and | the-man.sg | they | run.3pl |
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| `The boy and the man run.'
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| (2) | I | fantas | e | l'om | a | corin. |
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| the.pl | boy.pl | and | the-man.sg | they | run.3pl |
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| `The boys and the man run.'
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| (3) | Il | fantat | e | i | omps | a | corin. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | and | the.pl | man.pl | they | run.3pl |
|
| `The boy and the men run.'
|
| (4) | I | fantas | e | i | omps | a | corin. |
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| the.pl | boy.pl | and | the.pl | man.pl | they | run.3pl |
|
| `The boys and the men run.'
|
Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: The number on the verb is plural in all cases.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | pl | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (7) | Il | fantat | o | l'om | a | corin. |
|
| the.sg | boy.sg | or | the-man.sg | they | run.3pl |
|
| `The boy or the man run.'
|
| (8) | I | fantas | o | l'om | a | corin. |
|
| the.pl | boy.pl | or | man.sg | they | run.3pl |
|
| `The boys or the man run.'
|
| (9) | Il | fantat | o | i | omps | a | corin. |
|
| the.sg | boy.sg | or | the.pl | man.pl | they | run.3pl |
|
| `The boy or the men run.'
|
| (10) | I | fantas | o | i | omps | a | corin. |
|
| the.pl | boy.pl | or | the.pl | man.pl | they | run.3pl |
|
| `The boys or the men run.'
|
Patterns for person
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: In all cases, person seems to be resolved according to the hierarchy 1 > 2> 3. (Note: number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl | |
|
| 3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
| (13) | Tu | e | jo | i | corìn. |
|
| you | and | I | we | run.1pl |
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| 'You and I run.'
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| (14) | Jo | e | tu | i | corìn. |
|
| I | and | you | we | run.1pl |
|
| 'I and you run.'
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| (15) | Nô | e | lôr | i | corìn. |
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| we | and | they | we | run.1pl |
|
| 'We and they run.'
|
| (16) | Lôr | e | nô | i | corìn. |
|
| they | and | we | we | run.1pl |
|
| 'They and we run.'
|
Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: In all cases, person seems to be resolved according to the hierarchy 1 > 2> 3. (Note: number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl | |
|
| 3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
| (17) | Tu | o | jo | i | corìn. |
|
| you | or | I | we | run.1pl |
|
| 'You or I run.'
|
| (18) | Jo | o | tu | i | corìn. |
|
| I | or | you | we | run.1pl |
|
| 'I or you run.'
|
| (19) | Nô | o | lôr | i | corìn. |
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| We | or | they | we | run.1pl |
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| 'We or they run.'
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| (20) | Lôr | o | nô | i | corìn. |
|
| they | or | we | we | run.1pl |
|
| 'They or we run.'
|