A GENERAL THEORY OF MULTIVALUATION A GENERAL THEORY OF MULTIVALUATION

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(Old Database about Coordination)

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Himmelreich, Anke, Melissa Jeckel, Katharina Hartmann, Johannes Mursell (2021): Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in the World's Languages [Data set]. Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main (Link: https://www.multivaluation.de/database.php)

Overview

Language family:Panoan
Countries:Bolivia
Number of speakers:several hundreds
Agreement features:number, person
Attested word orders:SV, VS
Coordination types:and

Data Collection

The data were entered by an L2 speaker via an online survey. (Data by: Adam Tallmann)

Patterns for number

Coordination with ``and''

SV order

Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, the number on the verb is singular. If there is a mismatch between the number of the conjuncts, number is resolved to plural.

1st | 2ndsgpl
sgsgpl
plplpl

Examples:

(1)     honihaβakibakɨ
manandrun.sgboy
`The boy and the man run.'
(2)     honihaβakakibakɨbo
manandrun.plboypl
`The boys and the man run.'
(3)     bakɨhaβakakihonibo
boyandrun.plmanpl
`The boy and the men run.'

VS order

Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, singular marking on the verb is fine. If the two conjuncts mismatch in number, number is resolved to plural.

1st | 2ndsgpl
sgsgpl
plplpl

Examples:

(4)     haβakibakɨhoni
run.sgboymanand
`The boy and the man run.'
(5)     haβakákibakɨhonitíʔibo
run.plboymanandpl
`The boy and the man run.'
(6)     haβakákibakɨhonitíʔibo
run.plboymanandpl
`The boys and the men run.'

Patterns for person

Coordination with ``and''

SV order

Pattern: If one conjunct is assigned first person, the verb form matches first person. In all other cases person does not seem to influence the agreement on the verb.

1st | 2nd123
11pl1pl
21pl
31pl

Examples:

(7)     mibɨtáhabakía.
you-andrun.1sg
`You and I run.'
(8)     ɨβɨtáhabákimía
I-andrun.sgyou
`I and you run.'
(9)     hatobɨtáhaβákinoa
they-andrun.sgwe
`We and they run.'
(10)     hatobɨtáhaβákinoa
they-andrun.sgwe
`They and we run.'